Vacuum distillation system aiming to use solar heat for. Department of the interior bureau of reclamation denver office technical service center. Thermal modeling and efficiency of solar water distillation. The solar stills are best technology for living beings and environment because they do not need electricity for processing. Distillation is one of many processes that can be used for water purification and can use any heating source.
Classification of solar distillation systems solar energy. Georgiadis1,2 1 energy environment and water research center, the cyprus institute, nicosia 2121, cyprus 2 department of mechanical engineering, university of illinois at urbanachampaign, urbana il, 61820, usa. The system must kill all microorganisms in the water to make it safe for consumption. Introduction solar distillation is a tried an true technology. This project is not really expensive and lots of you can make this at home too. Today, seawater and brackish water desalination is a subject of concern of many researchers all over the world. Distillation is a process that removes filth and contaminants to produce still water from available water. They are designed either to serve the needs of a single family, producing from 2 to 3 gallons of drinking water a day on the average, or to produce much greater amounts for an. The structure that houses the process is known as a solar still and although the size, dimensions, materials, and configuration are.
In passive distillation system, the advanced solar stills prove more effective than conventional basin type one especially during winter and rainy seasons. The details of various heat transfers in solar still are shown in figure 2. Design and construction of a solar water purification system. Abstract distillation is a process of separating the component substances from a liquid mixture by separate evaporation and condensation. Here the study is carried out for single slop single basin solar still,9 fig. The performance of a solar still based on the various designed is studies. Often some few years water sources are brackish or contain harmful bacteria and therefore cannot used for drinking. Pb 201 029 from the national technical information service, order department, springfield, va 22161. Mathematical analysis of solar water distillation system. Another excellent publication is solar distillation as a means of meeting smallscale water demands, published in 1970 by the united nations. Solar distillation an overview sciencedirect topics. Student, department of chemical engineering, coimbatore institute of technology, india. Clean drinking water, always water distillation not every home has access to clean drinking water. Unlike other forms of water purification it can turn salt or brackish water into fresh drinking water i.
This new solar distillation system will help in removing the salinity of the lake water. Solar still,a water purifying technique project report 1. A process for simultaneous solar distillation and drip. Overview of village scale, renewable energy powered. Introduction the one of the methods to purify the polluted water called solar water distillation system and it can be call as solar still. May 22, 2014 distillation is the only standalone pointofuse pou technology with nsf national sanitation foundation certification for arsenic removal, under standard 62. Solar stills purify water through distillation, where pure water is vaporized out of collected dirty water and then condensed. A process for simultaneous solar distillation and drip irrigation the availability of highquality irrigation water is decreasing in many agricultural areas, while the volume of impaired water resources is increasing, due to irrigation drainage, industrial outflows, and sewage effluent.
Water distillation using solar energy system with lauric. The system must provide a source of power for portable use in all locations. Solar powered thermoelectric distillation system a thesis submitted to cardiff university in the candidature for the degree of doctor of philosophy by hayder sami saleh almadhhachi b. The untreated water absorbs heat, slowly reaching high temperatures. The paper is focused on field performance of inclined fpswd for domestic and. The purpose of this project is to design a water distillation system that can purify water from nearly. Design and construction of a solar water purification. They recorded maximum evaporation in the period of 11. Parameters affecting the performance of single basin. The goal of this project is to create a solar powered water distillation device that achieves maximum efficiency while minimizing manufacturing costs per unit. Solar water distillation produces clean water as simply as nature makes rain.
This system can be operated by solar heat, and the production of salt is possible in this vacuum still. The influence of advanced re distillation system areds single slope or wick type solar still attached with inlet pipe of copper tube and blackened plate along. The solar water distillation system comprises a boxtype design with heat absorbent black coating in the inner chamber. The motivation for this project is the limited availability of clean water resources and the abundance of.
We have studied an active solar distillation system during peak summer days. Various investigators uses thermal modeling technique to analyses performance of solar water distillation device carrying above mentioned factors as basis and shows an optimum value to enhance efficiency. Application of solar distillation systems with phase. Experimental studies and cfd modeling on solar distillation system n. In this desert region there are very few overcast days outside of the monsoon season, allowing solar distillation to be viable throughout much of the year. A vacuum is used to pull the water vapor out of the system. Passive solar water distillation is an inexpensive, lowtech alternative for pure drinking water without bottles, including types of distillers, cost comparisons, going automatic or electric. Water vapor rises, condenses on the inner glass surface of the still, and drips into a collection bottle.
Water distillation using solar energy system with lauric acid. Efficiency of the solar water distillation device can be enhanced by increasing evaporation rate that is a combined effect of solar radiation, cover glass temperature, water contamination density, base plate absorptive and provide additional heat by solar water preheating system. Francisco suarez is a doctoral student in hydrological sciences at the university. Solar water distillation safe drinking water foundation. Pdf there is almost no water left on earth that is safe to drink without purification after 2025 years from today. Transient spreadsheet simulation of the system, based upon average hourly data for a specific geographic location, run for a 5hour period. It utilizes solar radiation to heat the water, produce fresh water out of the saline or brackish water, and also produce hot water. Vacuum distillation system aiming to use solar heat for desalination.
To achieve this goal, a system was designed incorporating a parabolic solar trough coupled. Salt, bacteria and other impurities are contaminated which are to be removed completely in the distillation process. The motivation for this project is the limited availability of clean water resources and the abundance of impure water available for potential conversion. Solar powered desalinationtechnology, energy and future outlook. A submerged fresh water collection system underlies the cell. Increasing the evaporating surface increases the output of the solar distillation unit. A simple vacuum distillation system has been developed for the desalination of the seawater and for the purification of contaminated well water.
The system must provide enough potable water for an average sized family. Meshal alenazi bader alshumare ali shamsaldeen alkandree mohammed alkhalaf nov. Tiwari and sinha 27 observed based on experimental study on active regenerative solar still that the passive regenerative solar stills have better thermal efficiency than active regenerative solar stills and the thermal. Pdf design and construction of solar water distillation. Solar distillation is the process of removing salts and other impurities using the energy of the sun to get pure water for drinking. Application of solar distillation systems with phase change. I have been wanting to do this project for some time now.
Water vapor is condensed in a condenser disposed between the cell and the collection system. Aug 24, 2014 passive solar water distillation is an inexpensive, lowtech alternative for pure drinking water without bottles, including types of distillers, cost comparisons, going automatic or electric. There is an important need for clean, pure drinking water in many developing countries. Solar distillation is the use of solar energy to evaporate water and collect its condensate within the same closed system. Experimental procedure a photograph of both the solar stills, with and without. Distillation is a process wherein a liquid or vapour mixture of two or more substances is separated into its component fractions of desired purity, by the application and removal of heat. In active solar stills, an extrathermal energy by external equipment is fed into the basin of a passive solar still for faster evaporation. Double slope type solar still department of mechanical engineering page 1 maharana institute of technology and sciences gaura, mohanlalganj, lucknow a project report on construction of double slope type solar still submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of technology in. Different designs and parametric study of solar water distillation system pm meena. Flat platetype solar water distillation fpswd is having importance for providing hot water and drinking water simultaneously to households in rural areas or small communityhotels. Experimental study of an inclined flat platetype solar.
Optimization study of smallscale solar membrane distillation. This indicates that solar base distillation system is operated 250 days except only in rainy days in western region of maharashtra in a year and produces 400. The system operates as a greenhouse where the heated seawater evaporates. I only drink distilled water and it has changed my life. Pdf design of solar distillation system researchgate. Fabrication and testing of a small solar distillation unit, with results of fresh water produced versus time compared to results obtained from the spreadsheet simulation. Process of vaporizing a liquid, condensing the vapor, and collecting the condensate in another container. Solar distillation offers an opportunity to provide a lowtech solution yielding high quality water for people living in rural rajasthan. Index terms distillation system, polluted water, purification, solar energy. Solar distillation of water kanika mathur1, mathewlal thomas2, parth lineswala 3. It is a relatively old technology, with the first solar distillation sill put into service in 1872 in chile. Distillation of water using solar still basin is the most economical method to get portable drinking water.
The external equipment may be a collectorconcentrator panel, waste thermal energy from. Georgiadis1,2 1 energy environment and water research center, the cyprus institute, nicosia 2121, cyprus. The solar still may be single slope or double slope as shown in fig. The recourse to the desalination by distillation using solar energy represents an appreciable element of the water resource and constitutes a realizable, simple. Exergy analysis of solar desalination systems based on passive. The solar distillation system comprises a primary reector, secondary reector, photovoltaic tracking system, distillation still, condenser, florentine vessels as shown in figure 1. The climatic conditions to which it is subjected and material used for its construction play a vital role in the life span of the system. Evaporation and condensation are the simultaneous process occurring in solar distillation. Solar still,a water purifying technique project report. An attempt is made to model a conventional solar distillation system and comparing the experimental results with simulated model. The solar water distillation system helps provide this basic and most important necessity to even the most remote towns and villages. It is done by applying a heat source to the water to turn it to vapor, thereby purifying the water. Purifying water using passive solar water distillation real. The incoming solar radiation from the sun is focused and concentrated onto a receiver pipe using a parabolic trough, heating the impure water, at which it is sprayed into designed distillation device.
Solar water distillation is the process of using energy from the sunlight to separate freshwater from salts or other contaminants. By incorporating solar thermal energy, the solar membrane distillation desalination system smdds is a potential technology for resolving energy and water resource problems. A solar still desalination system with enhanced productivity. A sweep gas pulls the water vapor andor volatiles out of the system. The exergy equation for an open system can be obtained from the first and second law as. New solar pond distillation system alternative energy news. Useful when volatiles are being removed from an aqueous solution. The heat causes the water to evaporate, cool, and condense into vapour, leaving the contaminants beh.
A simple solar still assisted by an external solar collector shows increase in fresh water productivity with the increase in solar collector area. Calculations have been carried out for daily productivity and instantaneous efficiency of the still. Silmuru abb 23, a, 2012 solar desalination important. The column consists of two sections lled with 6mm raschigrings unstructured packing. This box is embedded into another box of wood shown in figure 1. The solar distiller should be able to provide a small family with two to four gallons of drinking water per day. The project is divided into stages, timed so that each is due shortly after the topic material is covered in. Desalination systems are of two broad types, based upon either thermal distillation or membrane separation. Energy from the sun heats water inside the still to the point of evaporation. Solar parabolic trough simulation and application for. They are designed either to serve the needs of a single family, producing from 2 to 3 gallons of drinking water a day on the. Proposed model of solar distillation system the base of the solar still is made of.
Engineering college, jai narain vyas university, jodhpur rajasthan b. Single basin solar distillation with parabolic reflector is an excellent device to overcome these problems, which. Proposed model of solar distillation system the base of the solar still is made of g. A project report on solar still submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of technology in mechanical engineering from rajasthan technical university, kota session 2012 guided by.
Experimental studies and cfd modeling on solar distillation. Nov 03, 2009 solar distillation system done by chemical engineers. Water distillation using solar energy system with lauric acid as storage medium written and solved analytically. Different designs and parametric study of solar water. In some cases, such as extremely poor quality or salty water, solar stills may be the most practical way to treat the water. On the basis of various modifications and modes of operation introduced in conventional solar stills, solar distillation systems are classified as passive or active.
Parabolic solar water distillation solar energy at sdsu. It is also seen that the salinity of the water is reduced to 815 ppm 3. Solar distillation removes all salts and heavy metals, as well as biological contaminants. A simple distillation process involves the heating of water using a flame and immediate condensation of the vapour in a condenser. The cost, pretreatment requirements, and energy demand of distillation systems are. Distillation is carried out through a series of evaporation and condensation stages made of. Solar distillation uses the sun as the primary source of heat. The input of this device would be salt water from coastal regions. There is always a scarcity of clean and pure drinking water in. Aug 26, 20 solar still,a water purifying technique project report 1. Umamaheswaran institute of energy studies, college of engineering, anna university, chennai600025, india email. Purifying water using passive solar water distillation. A process for simultaneous solar distillation and drip irrigation.
Solar stills for desalination of water in rural households. Solar water distillation is relatively old technology for water purification compared to the latest ones. Institute of energy school of engineering cardiff university december 2017. There is always a scarcity of clean and pure drinking water in many developing countries. This will be possible with the help of a specialized lowcost solar pond and patented membrane distillation system deriving power by renewable energy. Thermal modelling was done for various types of active single slope solar distillation system. Heat generated by the condensation of water vapor is utilized to heat the salt. Membrane distillation md, which can utilize lowgrade thermal energy, has been extensively studied for desalination. The di erent control loops involved in the automatic control system are presented. A partial vacuum is created in the solar cell for drawing water vapor from the cell to the collection system. Distillation is the process of removing salt from water. Distillation med with and without thermal vapor compression, reverse osmosis ro for seawater as well as electrodialysis ed for brackish water most favorable for higher capacity for smaller capacity. Solar distillation is an old process, but cost wise and for domestic purpose it is most reliable one. This chapter presents the analysis of a solar distillation system with phase change material storage system.
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